기사의 목차
I. Definition
Container is a large rectangular metal or alloy box used to transport various types of goods during import and export by road, sea or air.
These containers are mostly made of steel, in addition to protecting goods, they also play a role in making transportation and unloading quick and convenient at cargo collection points.
II. Popular Types Of Containers Today
| Container Type | Describe | Items Usually Packed In Containers |
|---|---|---|
| General Purpose Container | – Is a dry container, most commonly used in sea transport | – Nearly 80% of dry goods (clothes, raw materials, paper,…) can use this type of container. |
| Bulk Container | – Has a design quite similar to a regular container; but the side doors, mouth and bottom are designed to be easy to open and close when loading and unloading goods. | – Usually small and large quantity goods such as: rice, grain or iron ore, bauxite ore, coal, etc. |
| Reefer Container / Thermal Container | – This type of container is always chosen to transport goods that require special temperature preservation because of its T-shaped structure – this is the second most popular type of container after regular containers. – Walls and roof are covered with insulation, the floor is made of aluminum to circulate air along the floor, the inner layer is made of stainless steel – Refrigerated containers include 2 types: Aluminum refrigerated containers and iron refrigerated containers |
– Can control temperature from +30 to -30 o C. Therefore, it is suitable for transporting fresh items with short shelf life such as: vegetables, tubers, fruits, raw meat or pharmaceuticals. |
| Named Cargo Container | – Specialized containers are used to transport specific types of goods. – This type also has a roof stiffening system to reduce loading and unloading time and is converted from a 40-foot dry container by removing 2 steel walls and replacing them with a mobile collapsible tarpaulin. |
– Items with relatively fixed sizes such as: motorbikes, popular cars or separate live animals |
| Open – top Container | – This type of container is used to transport machinery, equipment or long-bodied wood because of the lack of an upper wall of this type of container. – The loading and unloading of goods will be done through the roof of the container, then the roof will be covered with tarpaulin. |
– Commonly used items of this type are bulky machinery or solid wood. |
| Platform Container / Flat rack container | – This is a specially designed container. This type has no roof or walls; only a fixed, sturdy floor. | – Usually machinery or steel coils with large weight |
| Tank Container | – Conveniently designed with a tank mouth on the roof of the container to pour goods into the tank, the body has a drain valve to drain or use a pump to suck through the tank mouth | – Common items are: alcohol, chemicals, gasoline, oil, etc. |
III. Size And Standards Of Each Type Of Container
The numbers printed on the containers must meet the general standard ISO 668:1995 . To meet the above standard conditions, the containers must have a minimum width of about 2.438m ~ 8ft.
In Vietnam, containers are applied with the packing standards of the Department of Register applied TCVN 6273:2003 – “Standards for manufacturing and certification of containers transported by sea” which stipulates the load capacity of all types of 20ft containers is about 20.32 tons.
Note when Sea freight: In terms of size, a 40ft container is twice as large as a 20ft container , but that does not mean that this type of container can carry twice as much cargo.
1) Regular Container (Dry Container – DC; High Cube – HC)
| Unit of Measurement | International – meter, kilogram (m, kg) | Imperial system – feet, pounds(ft, lb) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20’DC | 40’DC | 40’HC | 20’DC | 40’DC | 40’HC | |
| Inside length | 5.89 m | 12.01 m | 19’4″ | 39’5″ | ||
| Inside width | 2.33 m | 7’8″ | ||||
| Inside height | 2.38 m | 2.69 m | 7’10” | 8’10’ | ||
| Capacity volume | 33.18 m³ | 67.67 m³ | 76.28 m³ | 1,172 ft³ | 2,390 ft³ | 2,694 ft³ |
| Cargo weight | 21,727 kg | 26,780 kg | 26,512 kg | 47,999 lbs | 59,040 lbs | 58,450 lbs |
Note:
– 20’DC: 20 feet container size
– 40’DC: 40 feet container size
– 40’HC: 40 feet high container size
2) Refrigerated Container (Reefer Container – RC)
| Unit of Measurement | International – meter, kilogram (m, kg) | Imperial system – feet, pounds(ft, lb) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20’RC | 40’RC | 20’RC | 40’RC | |
| Inside length | 5.38 m | 11.48 m | 17’8″ | 37’8″ |
| Inside width | 2.26 m | 7’5″ | ||
| Inside height | 2.26 m | 2.18 m | 7’5″ | 7’2″ |
| Capacity volume | 28.31 m³ | 57.76 m³ | 1,000 ft³ | 2,040 ft³ |
| Cargo weight | 20,756 kg | 25,526 kg | 45,760 lbs | 56,276 lbs |
Note:
– 20’RC: 20 feet refrigerated container size
– 40’RC: 40 feet refrigerated container size
3) Open Top Container (OT)
| Unit of Measurement | International – meter, kilogram (m, kg) | Imperial system – feet, pounds(ft, lb) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20’OT | 40’OT | 20’OT | 40’OT | |
| Inside length | 5.89 m | 12.01 m | 19’4″ | 39’5″ |
| Inside width | 2.31 m | 2.33 m | 7’7″ | 7’8″ |
| Inside height | 2.33 m | 7’8″ | ||
| Capacity volume | 32.16 m³ | 66.54 m³ | 1,136 ft³ | 2,350 ft³ |
| Cargo weight | 21,600 kg | 26,630 kg | 47,620 lbs | 58,710 lbs |
Note:
– 20’OT: 20 feet open top container size
– 40’OT: 40 feet open top container size
4) Flat Rack Container (Container Flat Rack – FR)
| Unit of Measurement | International – meter, kilogram (m, kg) | Imperial system – feet, pounds(ft, lb) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20’FR | 40’FR | 20’FR | 40’FR | |
| Inside length | 5.61 m | 12.06 m | 18’5″ | 39’7″ |
| Inside width | 2.20 m | 2.08 m | 7’3″ | 6’10” |
| Inside height | 2.23 m | 1.95 m | 7’4″ | 6’5″ |
| Cargo weight | 21,469 kg | 38,918 kg | 47,333 lbs | 85,800 lbs |
Note:
– 20’FR: 20 feet flat container size
– 40’FR: 40 feet flat container size
5) Tank Container
| Unit of Measurement | Tank Capacity | |
|---|---|---|
| International – meter, kilogram (m, kg) | Imperial system – feet, gallon, pound(ft, gal, lb) | |
| Length | 6.06 m | 20′ |
| Width | 2.44 m | 8′ |
| Height | 2.59 m | 8’6″ |
| Capacity volume | 21.00 m³ | 5,547 gallons |
| Cargo weight | 27,410 kg | 60,425 lbs |
In addition to the popular standard containers above, there are also other container sizes that are less popular or less used in the Vietnamese market: 60 feet, 50 feet, 45 feet or 10 feet containers.
IV. Some Notes When Choosing Containers for Packing Goods
– Step 1: Determine whether the item to be transported is regular or special goods to choose the right container type.
– Step 2: Determine the size and volume of the goods by length, width and height
* Example: A package has dimensions: Length = 0.28m, Width = 0.16m, Height = 0.36m. Volume of 1 package = 0.28 x 0.16 x 0.36 = 0.016 m3 .
* Number of packages in 20’DC container= 28/0.016 = 1736 (packages)
* Note: Although the volume of a 20-foot dry container is about 33m3 the goods need to be filled with airbags, paper or have white space to avoid impact during transportation, so the actual volume is only about 28m3 .
* Similar to: 40’DC ~ 60m3 and 40’HC ~ 68m3
– Step 3: Apply packing techniques to distribute goods, avoid placing large weights on only one side of the container.
* For example: When the goods are a complex machine and it is difficult to determine the center of gravity, it is advisable to make suitable supports, with padding and fix the position of the pins.
* For example: When stacking many types of separate, loose goods in a container, heavy goods need to be stacked below, light goods on top, with extra padding if necessary and tied carefully.
– Step 4: Notify the carrier, customer or shipping line of important notes about your goods (usually for special items packed in special containers)
