기사의 목차
I. Group C in Incoterms 2020
There are 4 terms in group C in Incoterms 2020, representing the 2 words “Cost” or “Carriage”, including:
CPT: Carriage Paid To
CIP: Carriage and Insurance Paid To
CFR: Cost and Freight
CIF: Cost, Insurance and Freight
The Incoterm 2020 group C terms require the seller to bear the costs of transporting the goods to the place of destination, including costs after the goods have been delivered and the risk of loss or damage to the goods has been transferred to the buyer.
II. Overview Of Group C Rules In Incoterms 2020
1. The Main Difference Between Group C and Other Groups (E, F and D)
Similarities:
– Delivery location at origin: C and E,F
– Provisions with the right of transportation belonging to the seller: C and D
* With the rules of group E, F will be extremely beneficial for the seller
* As for the rules in group D, the buyer will have an advantage.
* The rules of group E, F are opposite to group D; and we have group C rules which are the intersection of groups E, F and D.
** Under group C rules, the seller bears the shipping costs but the buyer bears the risk in the main carriage.
| Delivery At Origin | Destination Indicated, Seller Reserves Carriage Rights | Delivery At Destination | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group E,F | ✓ | ||
| Group C | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Group D | ✓ | ✓ |
2. The Main Differences Between Group C Rules
There are two subgroups in group C rules: the general mode of transport group and the general insurance liability group.
However, in international trade contracts, FOB and CIF terms are preferred, accounting for more than 60% of shipping contracts worldwide.
| Seller Obligation To Purchase Insurance | Seller Has No Obligation To Purchase Insurance | Overall Obligations Of The Seller | |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Modes Of Transport | CIP | CPT | CIP = CPT + Insurance |
| Sea Freight | CIF | CFR | CIF = CFR + Insurance |
III. Comparison Of CIP And CPT
The reason we compare the two terms CIP and CPT is simply that they share the same multi-modal transport, only differing in the item “insurance and insurance-related costs” and they are quite picky for businesses to choose, due to difficult terms and high insurance costs.
| Liability Clause | Seller | Buyer |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Obligations | – Provide goods, documents and commercial invoices in accordance with the sales contract | – Must pay for goods as stipulated in the sales contract. |
| 2. Delivery | – Deliver goods to the contracted carrier within the agreed time. | – Must receive goods when they have been delivered as agreed. |
| 3. Transfer of Risk | – Bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until they are delivered , except in cases of loss or damage mentioned in section B3. | – Bear all risks related to loss or damage of goods from the time of delivery (calculated from the last day of the specified period for delivery) |
| 4. Shipping | – Transport from delivery point to agreed receiving point (if delivery point cannot be determined, seller can choose a location suitable for his/her purpose) – The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the seller’s expense and for carriage by the usual route and in the usual manner. |
– The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. |
| 5A. Insurance – CIP | – Purchase insurance for goods at type A insurance level – The seller must provide the buyer with an insurance certificate or equivalent document, so that in the event of a problem, the buyer has the right to make a complaint. – In particular: If the buyer wants to purchase insurance, the seller must provide the necessary information and bear the costs (if any) for such information. |
– The buyer has no obligation to the seller to conclude an insurance contract. – However, the buyer must provide the seller, if requested by the seller, with any information necessary to enable the seller to procure additional insurance at the buyer’s request as provided in section A5. (CIP only) . |
| 5B. Insurance – CPT | – The seller has no obligation to the buyer to conclude an insurance contract. – If the buyer wants to purchase insurance, the seller must provide the buyer with the necessary information so that the buyer can purchase insurance. |
|
| 6. Documents | – Bear the cost of providing the buyer with the usual transport documents – When a transport document is issued in negotiable form and in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer. |
– The buyer must accept the transport document provided. |
| 7. Import – Export Customs Clearance | a) Export: the seller must carry out and pay all costs related to export customs clearance procedures as prescribed in the exporting country. b) Import: support the buyer when requested, the buyer bears the risk and cost to obtain the necessary documents and information for customs procedures when transiting or importing goods. |
a) Export: Support the seller when the seller requests, the seller bears all risks and costs to obtain the types of information he needs. b) Import: must make and pay the costs related to customs clearance prescribed in the transit country and the importing country |
| 8. Inspection – Packaging | – Must pay the costs of inspection (quality control, weighing, measuring, counting,…) and packaging of goods necessary for delivery according to regulations. | – The buyer has no obligations to the seller. |
| 9. Cost Sharing | 1. All costs relating to the goods until they are delivered to the buyer 2. Transportation costs and any related costs incurred, including loading costs and costs related to transportation security 3. Any additional charges for unloading at destination but they must be included in the contract of carriage signed by the seller with the carrier 4. Transit costs if these costs are included in the transport contract signed by the seller 5. Pay the cost of providing proof to the buyer that the goods have been delivered 6. Insurance costs as prescribed (only applicable to CIP) 7. Customs clearance, payment of export duties and any other costs related to export 8. Pay the buyer all costs and expenses incurred in assisting the seller in obtaining the necessary documents and information. |
1. Pay all costs incurred in connection with the goods from the time they are delivered. 2. Cost of transit of goods 3. Unloading costs 4. Cost of purchasing any additional insurance as required by the buyer (applicable to CIP only) 5. Refund all costs and fees incurred by the seller in assisting the buyer 6. Where applicable, pay all applicable duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities for transit and importation. 7. Pay all costs incurred by failure to notify the seller promptly, from the date fixed or the expiry date of the period fixed for shipment, provided that the goods have been identified as the contract goods. |
| 10. Notice to Partners | – The buyer must be notified that the goods have been delivered and any information necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods must be given. | – In case the buyer has the right to decide on the time of delivery and the place of destination or the point of receipt at that place of destination, the buyer must fully notify the seller of that. |
